logo logo European Journal of English Language Studies

EJELS is is a, peer reviewed, online academic research journal.

Subscribe to

Receive Email Alerts

for special events, calls for papers, and professional development opportunities.

Subscribe

Publisher (HQ)

RHAPSODE
Eurasian Society of Educational Research
College House, 2nd Floor 17 King Edwards Road, Ruislip, London, HA4 7AE, UK
RHAPSODE
Headquarters
College House, 2nd Floor 17 King Edwards Road, Ruislip, London, HA4 7AE, UK
Research Article

Behaviorist Theory in Philippine English L2 Acquisition: Transition Point from L1 Contact

Michael L. Estremera

Skinner’s behaviorist theory delineates how a child acquires L1; notwithstanding, what sets the present study apart from Skinner’s finding.

S

Skinner’s behaviorist theory delineates how a child acquires L1; notwithstanding, what sets the present study apart from Skinner’s findings can be culled-out from the research context itself. This paper validates the principles behind behaviorist theory as proposed by Skinner (1985) taking into account applied linguistics context. Careful scrutiny of data reveals that the explored theory also plays a vital role in the gradual L2 acquisition through meaningful linguistic attempts (e.g., There are persons cutting trees without replanting; His friends Marilyn and Alicia clean the classroom) and reading activities by fostering affirmative learning atmosphere to induce positive language attitude towards L2 acquisition and functionality. Negligible errors in the process of L2 acquisition are attributed to linguistic variability, interlanguage, and inflectional morphology component. This study is advantageous to EFL learners and teachers globally for it highlights some linguistic implications indispensable to interpret the learning rate, lexical range, comprehensible input (CI), and language cognition of L2 students specifically in early language education. EFL educators may be able to provide meaningful linguistic activities by considering the essential tenets of this academic piece as well as the multiculturalism factor to L2 acquisition.

Keywords: Applied linguistics, behaviorist theory, interlanguage, Philippine English, stimulus-response.

cloud_download PDF
Cite
Article Metrics
Views
188
Download
551
Citations
Crossref
0

References

Algazo, M. (2018). The role of first language (L1) in the second language (L2) classroom: The case of jordanian public schools [Master’s thesis, Carleton University]. Carleton University Institutional Repository. https://bit.ly/43wQxWo

Alsaedi, N. (2023). Delayed exposure to second language acquisition: The robustness of critical period hypothesis and the limitations of the plasticity theory. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 13(12), 3149-3156. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1312.12  

Ambridge, B., & Lieven, E. V. M. (2011). Child language acquisition: Contrasting theoretical approaches: Cambridge University Press.

 Anfara, V. A., & Mertz, N. T. (Eds.). (2014). Theoretical frameworks in qualitative research (2nd ed.). Sage.

Anum, A., Susanti, R., & Syakur, A. (2024). Indonesian language acquisition of 0-2-year-old children: A study of psycholinguistic perspective. Journal Corner of Education, Linguistics, and Literature3(3), 296–308. https://doi.org/10.54012/jcell.v3i3.274

Ben Maad, M. R. (2022). Early-year awakening to languages: A spotlight on motivation. Journal of Research in Applied Linguistics, 13(1), 3-14.

 Bingjun, M. (2013). What is the role of L1 in L2 acquisition? Studies in Literature and Language, 7 (2), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.3968/j.sll.1923156320130702.X2732

Bonifacio, R. M., Zaman, D. R., Prantilla-Arambala, M. D., & Zarate, M. S. (2021). Effects of indigenous language conversation skills enhancement program among Bukidnon and Talaandig youths in the Philippines, Ampersand, 8, Article 100076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amper.2021.100076

Collins, S. C., & Stockton, C. M. (2018). The central role of theory in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406918797475  

 Cooper, C., Booth, A., & Britten, N. (2017). A comparison of results of empirical studies of supplementary search techniques and recommendations in review methodology handbooks: A methodological review. Systematic Reviews 6, Article 234. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0625-1 

 Cummins, J. (1983). Language proficiency and academic achievement. In J. W Jr. Oller (Ed.), Issues in language testing research (pp. 108-129). Newbury House Pub.

 Dai, D. W. (2023). What do second language speakers really need for real-world interaction? A needs analysis of L2 Chinese interactional competence. Language Teaching Research. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688221144836

De La Fuente, J. M., & Goldenberg, C. (2020). Understanding the role of the first language (L1) in instructed second language acquisition (ISLA): Effects of using a principled approach to L1 in the beginner foreign language classroom. Language Teaching Research, 26(5), 943-962. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168820921882

Darwin, Diyenti Rusdin, D., Mukminatien, N., Suryati, N., Laksmi, E. D., & Marzuki. (2024). Critical thinking in the AI era: An exploration of EFL students’ perceptions, benefits, and limitations. Cogent Education, 11(1), Article 2290342. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2290342

Estremera, M. (2023). Information communication and technology (ICT) literacy index of ESL teachers: Expectation vs. reality of department of education (DepEd) computerization programme in pedagogy. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education, 38(1), 19-31. https://doi.org/10.21315/apjee2023.38.1.2

Estremera, M. (2021). Linguistic purpose and historical implications of malapropism and code-switching in the Philippines. Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 6(1), 169-186. https://doi.org/10.21462/ijefl.v6i1.353

Estremera, M., & Gilbas, S. (2022). Written and oral codeswitching prevalence: Functions and didactic implications in ESL context. Advanced Education, 9(20), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.20535/2410-8286.257173

Estremera, M. L., & Estremera, G. L. (2018). Factors affecting the reading comprehension of grade six pupils in the city division of Sorsogon, Philippines as the basis for the development of the instructional model. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, 5(3), 72-78. https://bit.ly/3xmYS2E

Estremera, M. L. (2017). The implementation of mother tongue-based multilingual education: Viewing it from the grade III teachers’ perspective. Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 40, 47-53. https://rb.gy/tnwx

Estremera, M. L., & Gonzales, J. T. (2021). Interplay between philosophical orientation and musical literacy index of English as a foreign language (EFL) Teachers. ASEAN Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 9, 97-114. https://bit.ly/3VvujSv

Estremera, M. L. (2023). Features of behaviorism in second language acquisition (SLA): An empirical excerpt from applied linguistics view. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 10(03), 7756–7777. https://bit.ly/3IW1KXa

Fakher Ajabshir, Z. (2021). A comparative study of the effects of structured input and production-based tasks in the development of request modifiers. Journal of Research in Applied Linguistics, 12(1), 99-114. https://rals.scu.ac.ir/article_16727.html

Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). Mc Graw Hill.

Glesne C. (2011). Becoming qualitative researchers: An introduction. Pearson.

Gonzales, W. D. W. (2016). Trilingual code-switching using quantitative lenses: An exploratory study on Hokaglish. Philippine Journal of Linguistics, 47, 106-128 https://rb.gy/370w

 Huebner, M., Vach, W., & Cessie, S. (2016). A systematic approach to initial data analysis is good research practice. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 151(1), 25-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.09.085

 Hwang, H. (2021). L2 Learners’ Adaptation to an L2 Structure that is different from L1: Priming of an English causative structure in Korean learners. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 44(4), 1181–1193. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263121000620

 Isakov, A. A. (2024). Case study “automaticity in l2 learning and teaching” second language acquisition (SLA). American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)2(1), 312–320. https://bit.ly/3PC6kO2

Islam, M. T. (2013). First language acquisition theories and transition to SLA. In The Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Language Learning (pp. 499-510). IAFOR. https://rb.gy/5d8p

 Iswati, L., & Hadimulyono, A. O. (2018). The role of L1 in L2 classes. Journal of English Education, Literature, and Culture, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.30659/e.3.2.125-134

 Jaccard, J., & Jacoby, J. (2010). Theory construction and model-building skills: A practical guide for social scientists. Guilford Publications.

Jasso, G. (1998). Principles of theoretical analysis. Sociological Theory, 6(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.2307/201910

Kachru, B. B. (1996). English a lingua franca. In H. Goebl, P. H. Nelde, Z. Stary, & W. Wolck (Eds.), Kontaklinguistik. Contact linguistics. Linguistics de contact (pp. 906-913). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110132649.1.8.906

Kasirzadeh, A., & Gabriel, I. (2023). In conversation with artificial intelligence: Aligning language models with human values. Philosophy and Technology, 36, Article 27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-023-00606-x

Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2008). Undertaking research: Simplified approach. SAGE.

Lardiere, D. (2008). Feature assembly in second language acquisition. In J. M. Liceras, H. Zobl, & H. Goodluck (Eds.), The role of formal features in second language acquisition (pp. 106–40). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315085340-5

Lising, L. (2021). Multilingualism. In A. Borlongan (Ed.), Philippine English: Development, structure, and sociology of English in the Philippines (pp. 242-256). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429427824-25

Mohamad Nor, N., & Rashid, R. A. (2018). A review of theoretical perspectives on language learning and acquisition. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 39(1), 161-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2017.12.012

Mohammad, N. K. (2016). The perception of the parents and students on the implementation of K-12 basic education program in the Philippines. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Education (IECO), 1(1) (pp. 481-503). Fkip Unmuh Jember.  https://rb.gy/9rkk

Muroya, A. (2019). L1 transfer in L2 acquisition of English verbal morphology by Japanese young instructed learners. Languages, 4(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages4010001

Nikolaus, M., & Fourtassi, A. (2023). Communicative feedback in language acquisition. New Ideas in Psychology, 68, Article 100985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2022.100985 

Oracion, C., Naidu, V. L., Ng, J., & Reyes, V., Jr. (2020). Advancing the K-12 reform from the ground: A case study in the Philippines (Working paper: 66). Asian Development Bank. https://doi.org/10.22617/WPS200105

Republic Acts of The Philippines § 10733 (2013). https://rb.gy/esoj

Reutzel, D. R., & Cooter, R. B. (2004). Teaching children to read: Putting the pieces together (4th ed.) Pearson College Div.

Saldaña, J., & Omasta, M. (2018). Qualitative research: Analyzing life. SAGE Publications, Inc.

Skinner, B. F. (1985). Cognitive science and behaviourism. British Journal of Psychology, 76(3), 291-301. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1985.tb01953.x

Slabakova, R. (2008). Meaning in the second language (Studies in Language Acquisition Series 34). De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110211511

Slabakova, R. (2016). Second language acquisition. Oxford University Press.

Song, Y., Do, Y., Thompson, A., Waegemaekers, E., & Lee, J. (2020). Second language users exhibit shallow morphological processing. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 42(5), 1121-1136. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263120000170

Storch, N., & Wigglesworth, G. (2003). Is there a role for the use of the L1 in an L2 setting? TESOL Quarterly, 37(4), 760-770. https://doi.org/10.2307/3588224

Supa’at, S., & Ihsan, I. (2023). The challenges of elementary education in society 5.0 era. International Journal of Social Learning3(3), 341–360. https://doi.org/10.47134/ijsl.v3i3.214

Turebayeva, K., Seitenova, S., Yessengulova, M., Togaibayeva, A., & Turebayeva, S. (2020). Nurture of multiculturalism of future teachers in the process of foreign language teaching. Journal of Research in Applied Linguistics, 11, 39-48. https://rals.scu.ac.ir/article_16272.html

Wu, Y., Xu, L., & Philbin, S. P. (2023). Evaluating the role of the communication skills of engineering students on employability according to the outcome-based education (OBE) theory. Sustainability, 15(12), Article 9711. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129711

Yamashita, J., Shiotsu, T., & Kusanagi, K. (2023). Predictors of second language reading comprehension ability: A longitudinal study with learners from grade 9 to 11 in an English as a foreign language context. Reading and Writing. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-023-10494-4

Yuqi, W., & Ren, W. (2023). The roles of language mindsets and willingness to communicate in receptive pragmatic competence among Chinese EFL learners. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2023.2284892

...